Muharraq (meaning Place of Ashes), is Bahrain's second largest city, and served as its capital until 1923. The Muharraq Town was established by the Al Bin Ali Utub tribe as early as the late 17th Century.It has long been a centre of religiosity. The city is located on Muharraq Island The city's origins are ancient, going back to the time of Dilmun some five thousand years ago, but it came to prominence in the historical records during the era of Tylos when Bahrain came under domination of the Selucid Greeks, and Muharraq was the centre of a pagan cult dedicated to the shark god, Awal. The city's inhabitants, who depended upon seafaring and trade for their livelihood, worshipped Awal in the form of a large statue of a shark located in the city. Bahrain International Airport is located on the island. Near Muharraq there is a man made island called Amwaj Islands, which has many large buildings, hotels and beaches. Muharraq is also known for its traditional market, or souq. Muharraq island is also home to Muharraq Club, which is Bahrain's most successful football club. Muharraq has been a place of arts and traditional music.

Ar Rifa` or Al-Riffa or Riffa is a city in the Southern Governorate of central Bahrain. It is divided into two main cities, East Riffa and West Riffa, which are the two largest cities in the Southern Governorate. Most of the inhabitants are Sunni Muslims. The city is growing fast and as of the 2001 census it had a population of 79,550 but the 2008 estimate is 111,000.

Madinat Hamad (Hamad Town) is a city in northern Bahrain. It was a municipality of Bahrain in the central part of the country. It was split off of the municipality of Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah in 1991. Its territory is now in the Northern Governorate. Its name refers to the current king of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah

A'ali (Arabic: عالي‎) is one of the biggest towns in Bahrain, a small island country in the Persian Gulf. A'ali is famous for its over 170,000 ancient burial mounds, which is considered one of the largest graveyards in the world. A'ali is famous also for its old pottery handicraft. A'ali is located in the middle of Bahrain island, south of Isa town and north of Riffa. A'ali is famous for its burial mounds and its home for the National Driving School A'ali is a relatively new suburb of Bahrain. First construction in the area started approximately in the late 1970s to early 1980s. Today, however, A'ali is one of the largest towns in Bahrain housing many of Bahrain's middle and high class families.